ABSTRACT
The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has forced many countries implement social restrictions, including Indonesia. There has been a growing interest in understanding the impact of the pandemic on air quality. This research analyses the air pollution before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Jakarta and Banjarmasin, Indonesia, with a detailed analysis. It compared the results with previous years to determine the significant improvement in air quality and related weather factors obtained from Landsat 8 and 9 imagery. OMI and MERRA-2 were analysed for PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3 and WRF-Chem model result especially for PM2.5 against the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, there was a decrease in PM2.5 during the pandemic year in Jakarta, although it was not as good as in 2016 conditions. In Jakarta and Banjarmasin, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 decreased in 2021 from 2020, which were in line with the high incidence of COVID-19 in 2021. This shows that more air quality increased in the form of healthy days in DKI Jakarta in 2020 than in 2019. In other words, there was an increase in air quality during the implementation Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy in 2020 compared to 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic requires prudence, especially in the ratio of credit or liquidity in the banking sector and the role and supervision through the implementation of good corporate governance is required intensively to go through dynamic policy changes. This study aims to examine the effect of liquidity on bank performance and examine the effect of liquidity on bank performance after being moderated by good corporate governance. The research methodology uses multiple linear regression techniques using SPSS 25 software, with the research sample being the conventional banking sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021 totaling 111 research samples. The results showed that liquidity had no effect on bank performance with the significant value 0.491>0.05. Corporate governance moderated the negative effect of liquidity on bank performance with the significant value 0.028< 0,05 and coefficient-0.786. © 2023, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: The thrombotic risk associated with SARS-CoV- 2 (COVID-19) is well documented, although there is limited information on how additional prothrombotic risk factors impact persons who contract COVID-19. Certain estrogen containing contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies are also well known to increase the risk of thrombosis. It is unknown if the risks of these agents and concurrent COVID-19 infection are additive. Aim(s): To investigate the relationship between COVID-19 infection and concurrent exogenous estrogen on the rate of thrombotic events. Method(s): A retrospective analysis including all adult female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 2020-2022 at our center also treated with hormone therapy. Female patients on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for post-menopausal symptoms were included in this analysis. HRT was defined as any treatment consisting of an estrogen analog with or without a progesterone. Thrombotic events were defined as any venous thromboembolism (VTE), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), myocardia infarction (MI), or any arterial clot/embolic event. Events were included if they were recorded as current SNOMED/ICD codes in the same encounter as the diagnosis of COVID-19. Inpatients and outpatients were included in the analysis. Result(s): 92 patients were identified who were diagnosed with COVID-19 while on hormone therapy at the time of diagnosis. 18 of the patients were hospitalized. Mean age was 42 years and 59 years for all patients and hospitalized patients, respectively. The most common estrogen therapies were norethindrone-estradiol (38%) and conjugated estrogen (14.1%). There were 3 (3.2%) total thrombotic events which all occurred in hospitalized patients. 2 patients experienced VTE while 1 patient experienced a cerebrovascular event with arterial clot. Conclusion(s): This retrospective study demonstrates a low rate of thrombosis in patients treated with exogenous estrogen and with COVID-19. The rate of thrombosis in the outpatient setting was low while thrombotic events occurred in hospitalized older patients. Further studies are warranted to explore this association.